D. the theories developed by scientists of old times

　　Astronomy  天文学

　　carry on  开展、进行

　　work out  计算、算出

　　which  引导非限制性定语从句。

　　答案：C

　　根据关键词定位相应的地方，如得不出答案，则往文章下面继续找，再进行分析、判断并得出正确的答案。

　　3. Copernicus developed his theory ______.

　　A. using various telescopes

　　B. based on Aristotles beliefs

　　C. through observations and reasoning

　　D. under the encouragement of his friends

　　答案：C

　　4. The writer of the passage wants us to know that ______.

　　A. Copernicus did not tell about his discovery until the day of his death

　　B. for many years Copernicus dared to do nothing openly against the Church

　　C. pushed by his friends Copernicus decided to write a book in May 1543

　　D. shortly before he got back to Poland Copernicus started to work for the Church

　　答案：B

　　5. Copernicus had his great book published because ______.

　　A. he didnt agree with Aristotle

　　B. he could not hide the scientific truth

　　C. he worked for the church

　　D. his friends advised him to do so

　　答案：D

　　that  引导定语从句。

　　link to religious beliefs  同……宗教信仰联系在一起。

　　the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies  天体运行论

　　预习 Passage 17.

　　Passage 17

　　When my son Ryan saw a T-shirt on sale for 5 dollars marked down from 8， he told me， “Well save 3 dollars if we buy it now.”

　　He looked at me in surprise when I answered， “Well save 5 dollars if we dont buy it at all.”

　　Todays children get lots of messages and values from television and from friends. They are encouraged to buy things they dont need. What they need is an understanding of the value of the dollar.

　　How do children learn the important facts of life？ Most schools do not teach them. It is up to parents to help their children.

　　To learn about money children need to have some. Early on， parents often handed out money on an as-needed basis. But experts say paying certain amount of money each week is the best way to teach children the meaning of money， how to use it and how to plan.

　　Your child is ready for some money each week around age 5 or 6， when he gets to know the relationship between money and shopping and asks you to buy him things.

　　But how much should the parents give？ Some experts suggest giving one dollar for each year of age， but Dr Olivia Mellan disagree： “I think 5 dollars a week is too much for a 5-year-old， and 15 dollars is probably not enough for a 15-year-old.” “Whats right for your child depends on three things： the childs level of

　　development， how much you can give， and what you expect him to pay for.“

　　No matter how much you give them， children will soon feel they need more. But Sharon M. Danes， a professor at the University of Minnesota， insists that children dont need a raise each year， “Theres no lesson to be learned when children expect an increase just because they are a year older，” she says. “What

　　they should learn is how to be good money earners， savers and spenders.“

　　1. In “an understanding of the value of the dollar”， the word dollar is best explained as ______.

　　A. values from TV and friends

　　B. what one saves

　　C. the price of a T-shirt

　　D. money in general

　　答案：D

　　2. What should parents do to help their children understand facts of life such as managing money？

　　A. Help the children plan their use of money.

　　B. Ask the children to hand out money carefully.

　　C. Give the children money on a monthly basis.

　　D. Permit the children to ask for more when needed.

　　experts  主语    say  谓语    其余为宾语从句。

　　paying certain amount of money each week  宾语从句中的主语

　　答案：A

　　先用关键词定位原文位置，如果没有找到相应的答案，就继续往下段看，特别注意段首和段尾的句子。

　　“带着问题去找答案的方法”要灵活掌握，融会贯通。

　　be up to sb. ： 是某人的职责或义务。

　　eg. Its up to us to help those in need.  我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。

　　hand out： 分发或分配某物。

　　eg. Relief workers were handing out emergency rations （to the survivors）。    救济人员在（向生还者）分发紧急配给品。

　　3. Why does Dr Olivia Mellan have a different idea about the

　　amount of money given to children？

　　A. She holds that one dollar for each year of age is far from enough.

　　B. She believes that children should be given more than theyneed.

　　C. She feels that different age groups need different things.

　　D. She thinks that age difference is not the whole thing.

　　Whats right for your child  是主语从句，其后的谓语要用单数形式。

　　答案：D

　　C项中的need不符合原意

　　suggest doing sth.  建议做某事。

　　suggest that + 主语+（should）+动词原形

　　4. According to Professor Danes， parents should ______.

　　A. give 5 dollars to children more than 15 years old

　　B. allow a yearly increase as their children grow older

　　C. refuse to pay for certain things their children want to have

　　D. teach their children how to make money and use it wisely

　　What they should learn 主语从句

　　earner 挣钱者

　　saver 存钱者

　　spender 花钱者

　　答案：D

　　5. From the passage， we know that ______.

　　A. experts agree that it is up to parents to help their children manage money

　　B. experts agree on the amount of money given to children

　　C. experts didnt agree on the amount of money given to children

　　D. experts agree that children dont need a raise each year

　　本题考查重点是文章的中心思想。

　　解题思路：看每一段的第一句话和最后一句话。

　　agree on  同意、达成一致

　　答案：C

　　类似题型（文章大意）要对每一段的第一句话认真阅读。

　　A项是文章的细节内容，不选。

　　做题目的：遇到每一种题型都会做。

　　agree on  sth.  （与某人）意见一致

　　eg. We couldnt agree on a date.  关于日期我们未能取得一致意见。

　　on sale  减价

　　in surprise  很惊讶地

　　Passage 18

　　You get all sorts of demands， and the mark of a good hotel is to supply whatever is asked for without sounding surprised. If a guest asks for rubber gloves， you dont ask why. You say， “No problem. What colour do you want？”

　　There have been some demands which， much as I would have liked to fill， I couldnt. A Japanese businessman， for example， thought the manager of a hotel was like the captain of a ship so he asked me to marry him and the woman he loved. There was one time， however， we did help out. A young man thought that if he asked his girlfriend to marry him at the Ritz she would say yes. He asked us to put the ring in a cake， and she accepted.

　　Top hotels are used more and more to impress. They are used for doing business. If youve got something to sell， take your clients to the best hotel where the surroundings are quite helpful. A friend of mine working at Savoy Hotel tells story about a man who gave him 5 pounds to say “Good morning， Mr. Smith” when he walked through the door with two other men. This he did， and could hear Mr. Smith saying， “I do wish they would leave me alone at this place.”

　　According to Julian Payne， the most powerful people in any hotel are the porters， who carry bags for hotel guests. “Porters can do almost anything. They can get you tables at the best restaurants or tickets for a popular concert. Dont ask me how they do it or what their deal is because I dont know. They know more about the history of the hotel and the guests than anyone else. They are invaluable. A head porter will come in even on his day off so he can say hello to someone he remembers visiting the hotel years ago.”

　　1. When guests ask for something strange， the manager of a good hotel would think ______.

　　A. how he can meet their needs

　　B. why they have such demands

　　C. what problems the hotel has

　　D. who is the best person to go to

　　2. Which of the following examples explains “we did help out？”

　　A. The hotel bought a ring for a young lady.

　　B. A Japanese married the woman he loved.

　　C. The manager once acted as a captain.

　　D. A young lady agreed to marry her boyfriend.

　　help（sb.） out：  帮助某人（尤指摆脱困难或危险）。

　　3. By saying “I do wish they would leave me alone at this place”， Mr. Smith ______.

　　A. showed that he disliked such people at the hotel

　　B. gave the impression that he was a constant guest

　　C. tried to make his clients feel sorry for him

　　D. sounded as if he was tired of such greetings

　　4. Why are the porters considered the most powerful people in expensive hotels？

　　A. They sell tickets for concerts.

　　B. They can complete difficult tasks.

　　C. They know the history of hotels.

　　D. They usually work in a hotel for a long time.

　　5. “much as I would have liked to fill” means ______.

　　A. though I would have liked to meet very much

　　B. if I would have liked to fill much

　　C. as if I would have liked to fill much

　　D. even if I would have liked to fill much

　　on his day off：  休息日

　　remember doing sth.   记得做过的事情

　　remember to do sth.   记得要做的事情

　　Passage 19

　　Today the official language of the United States and most of Canada is English. However， French almost became the official language because of a war.

　　The French and Indian War was fought between 1754 and 1763. The name of this war is not accurate because the war was actually between England and France. The Indians fought on the side of the French.

　　France and England were trying to gain control of North America. France held Canada， and England held part of what is now the United States. However， France tried to expand its land by moving southward into New York， Pennsylvania， Ohio， and Virginia. When the French built a fort on the Ohio River， the residents in Virginia sent George Washington to attack the fort in 1754. However， the French defeated Washington.

　　The French， aided by the Indians， outsmarted the English and won many early battles. Later， the British began to do well against the French. In the final battle in Quebec， Canada， General Wolfe of England faced General Montcalm from France. Both generals died in this battle， but the English outlasted the French and won the battle. Thus， most of North America today has the English culture and language.

　　1. A good title for this selection is ______.

　　A. The French and Indian War

　　B. The English Language

　　C. Washingtons Army

　　D. Official language

　　2. The word gain in paragraph 3 means ______.

　　A. borrow  B. get

　　C. buy  D. lose

　　3. We may conclude that George Washington preferred the ______.

　　A. Canada  B. French

　　C. Indians D. English

　　4. General Wolfe died in ______.

　　A. England B. France

　　C. Canada D. France

　　5. Washington lost his battle at the fort on the Ohio River ______.

　　A. at the beginning of the war

　　B. in the middle of the war

　　C. at the end of the war

　　D. during the war

　　accurate： 确切的，精确的

　　outsmart： 比（某人）精明、狡猾。

　　eg. We outsmarted them and got there first by taking a shorter route.

　　outlast：  last 比（某物）耐久、比某人（某物）命长。

　　eg. This clock has outlasted several owners.

　　这座时钟的寿命比它的几个主人的寿命都长。

　　Passage 20

　　Robert Kohout， 39， was working outside his home last October when he heard a frightening noise. He turned round and saw Walter Grahams car sinking into 8 feet of water of the in-ground swimming pool a little distance away from his yard.

　　Kohout immediately called to Grahams wife， Evelyn， to telephone 911. Then he ran back to his house to get Terence Reif and Glenn Fajardo to help， who were at work inside the house. “There was no time for second thoughts，” side Reif， a farmers son， “The only thing to do was to get in the pool.”

　　The car doors were locked. Graham， 73， was unconscious， and his Mercury was rapidly filling with water. Reif struggled to break the drivers side window with a hammer but had trouble getting it done underwater.

　　Finally-some four minutes after the car had fallen into the pool——the glass was broken. By then， Graham was floating at the top of the flooded passenger compartment.

　　The three men pulled Graham out through the broken glass. He wasnt breathing and his heart stopped beating， so they performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. The rescue team arrived in no time.

　　Doctors supplied him with advanced life support on the way to the hospital.

　　“These people were getting to Graham through the glass，” said Dr Jeff Messinger. “All three acted without regard for their own safety，” added Evelyn Graham， “They were truly angels watching over us.”

　　1. Who may Terence Reif and Glenn Fajardo most probably be？

　　A. Workmen.

　　B. Policemen.

　　C. Walters wife and son.

　　D. Roberts wife and son.

　　2.Immediately after Robert found the car sinking into the pool， he ______.

　　A. jumped into the pool

　　B. shouted to let Evelyn call the rescue team

　　C. ran to the nearest telephone

　　D. rushed into Grahams house to find his wife

　　3. What does the word resuscitation refer to in the story？

　　A. A way of saving people who have stopped breathing.

　　B. A way of saving people who have got drunk.

　　C. A way of saving people who got drunk.

　　D. A way of helping people who need water.

　　4. From the passage， we know that people dial 911 to call ______.

　　A. a doctor  B. the police

　　C. a rescue team D. angels

　　5. Which of the following would be the best title for this story？

　　A. The Underwater Car

　　B. Angels around Us

　　C. Rescue Team in Time

　　D. Safety First

　　turned round ： 转过身， 看见

　　see sb./sth. doing

　　see sb./sth. do

　　have trouble （in ） doing sth.  做……是有困难的

　　compartment： 隔间

　　in no time ： very quickly ， 立刻，马上

　　supply sb. with sth. ： 向某人提供某物

　　eg. He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I

　　wrote the report.    我写报告时，他一直不停地给我一杯杯续咖啡

　　supply sb. with sth. ： 向某人提供某物

　　spply sth. to sb. ：  供应某人所需物品。

　　eg. a company supplying heating oil （to homes）

　　（向住户）供应燃油的公司

　　Passage 21

　　BEIJING （Associated Press） - China has a growing middle class， a tradition of expecting education and 21 million new babies every year. Selling educational toys should be easy.

　　While China may be the worlds biggest toy-maker， much of the best is exported. Department stores here do not have enough high-quality toys. It is said that the demand for educational toys is low.

　　A US company， BabyCare， is trying to change that with a new way to sell toys in China.

　　BabyCare works basically together with doctors in Beijing hospitals. People who join the companys “mothers club” get lectures and news letters on baby and child development at no extra cost - if they agree to spend 18 dollars a month on the companys educational toys and childcare books. BabyCares president says， “It starts during pregnancy（怀孕）， when the anxiety and needs are highest.” BabyCare works on a one-to-one basis. Doctors， nurses， and teachers - paid by BabyCare - advise parents， explaining toys that are designed for

　　children at each stage of development to age six.

　　BabyCare opened its first store in China last June in a shopping center in central Beijing and another near Beijing Zoo. It plans to have 80 stores in China within six years.

　　It is a new model for China and develops a market in young childrens education and health that no other companies are in.

　　1. What do the first two paragraphs mainly tell us？

　　A. Educational toys and foreign toy markets.

　　B. Problems with Chinas toy market and education.

　　C. Reasons for pushing sales of educational toys in China.

　　D. Baby population and various kinds of toys made in China.

　　2. Which of the following is a fact according to the passage？

　　A. Club members buy BabyCare products for free child-care advice.

　　B. Doctors in Beijing help in making BabyCare products.

　　C. Parents are encouraged to pay $18 for club activities.

　　D. BabyCare trains Chinese doctors at no extra cost.

　　3. BabyCare is developing its business in China by ______.

　　A. opening stores in Beijing hospitals

　　B. offering 18-month courses on child-care

　　C. setting up childrens education centers

　　D. forming close relationships with parents

　　4. Which of the following is not true according to the passage？

　　A. The middle class in China did not pay much attention to childrens education.

　　B. China is probably the biggest toy-maker in the world.

　　C. Many high-quality toys made in China are exported because of the low demand in the country.

　　D. The writer thinks BabyCare will succeed in China.

　　5. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage？

　　A. Mothers Club in China

　　B. BabyCare and Doctors

　　C. American Company Model

　　D. Educational Toys On

　　Passage 22

　　A few years ago， it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap， a division between young people and their elders. Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience， while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong？ Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared？ Actually， the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.

　　One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their life styles. In more traditional societies， when children grow up， they are expected to live in the same area as their parents， to marry people that their parents know and support， and often to continue the family occupation. In our society， young people often travel great distances for their education， most out of the family or home at an early age， marry or live or choose occupations different from those of their parents.

　　In our upwardly mobile society， parents often expect their children to do better than they did， to find better jobs， to make more money， and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often however， the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them. Often they discover that they have very little in common with each other.

　　Finally， the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture， elderly people are valued for their wisdom， but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight.

　　The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds， separated by different skills and abilities.

　　No doubt， the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society， and in the rapid pace at which society changes.

　　1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that _______.

　　A.the generation gap suddenly appeared

　　B.the generation gap is a feature of American life

　　C.how people can reduce the generation gap

　　D.many critics argue over the nature of the generation gap

　　2.The word “around” in paragraph 1 means _______.

　　A. on all sides

　　B. in every direction

　　C. near

　　D. in existence

　　3.Which one is NOT the cause of the generation gap？

　　A.Young people like to choose their own life styles.

　　B.American society is changing very fast.

　　C.Parents place high hopes on their children.

　　D.Modern education makes them think differently.

　　upwardly mobile： 能向较高社会地位和经济地位流动的

　　4.In American society， young people often ________.

　　A.rely on their parents to make a living

　　B.stay with their parents in order to get an opportunity for higher education

　　C.seek the best advice from their parents

　　D.have very little in common with their parents

　　5.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？

　　A.Parents should be more tolerable towards their children.

　　B.The young generation should value the older generation for their wisdom.

　　C.The generation gap is partly created by the older generation.

　　D.The generation gap should be avoidable in American society.

　　obsolete： 过时的