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Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" (×)
Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" (√)
[析] 在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm ××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××." 就语法而论,"Who are you?" "I'm ××××.""My name is ×××××."并没有错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。